Salmonella is a genus of bacteria notorious for causing foodborne illnesses worldwide. This pathogen commonly resides in various food sources, particularly undercooked meats, eggs, and unwashed fruits and vegetables. Recognizing the symptoms of Salmonella infections, which can vary from mild gastrointestinal distress to severe complications, is crucial for timely diagnosis and effective treatment.

How Does Salmonella Affect the Body?

Salmonella infection commences when the bacteria enter the body, primarily through contaminated food or water sources. Upon ingestion, the bacteria travel to the intestinal tract, infiltrating the epithelial cells lining the intestines. This invasion is facilitated by a complex mechanism that includes a type III secretion system. This system allows the bacteria to inject virulence factors directly into host cells, disrupting normal cellular functions and causing inflammation as well as symptoms of gastroenteritis.

As Salmonella proliferates, the immune system mounts a robust response. White blood cells, particularly neutrophils and macrophages, are activated to engulf and annihilate the bacteria. In addition, cytokines are released to initiate further immune responses. This localized inflammation manifests as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever. Despite the immune response, Salmonella may persist in the body, occasionally leading to more serious complications if left untreated.

Common Symptoms of Salmonella Infection

Gastrointestinal Symptoms